Stash doesn't store the actual repos in the database. All git repos are stored to disk in <STASH_HOME>/data.
https://confluence.atlassian.com/display/STASH/Stash+home+directory#Stashhomedirectory-Abouttherepositories
data
contains the Git repositories being managed by Stash
With all atlassian products, there are 3 pieces that must be restored
* isntall_directory (important for custom seraph, crowd, and other config)
* data_directory (repos, attachments, avatars, etc)
* database (projects, users, logins, settings, etc)
To speed up the disk based backup of STASH_HOME, I would suggest a utility like rsync *instead of the stash backup client* to inteliigently replicate only the difference/changes since the last backup. This will be much faster then the client which creates a full, new tar based on all the existing repos. Rsync uses compression as well and is intended to push the differences to a remote machine. So you can effectively maintain a "warm" standby instance using rsync in combo with data guard for the event of an outage/incident.
*Stash should be locked/shutdown during backups* You can't redirect users to a backup while one is down.
The DB backup should be very quick itself, as well as the install directory, as they will both remain small, even with 100+G of repos/.
In addition to Eddie's points, you might want to look at related answers floating around:
https://answers.atlassian.com/questions/234680/backup-stash-without-repositories
https://answers.atlassian.com/questions/218480/stash-backup-client
The important thing to keep in mind is that it's possible that you may only partially backup a repository if people are pushing updates. For example you might get an old pack file but new refs and the repository is now effectively "corrupted" if you try to restore.
We're currently working on improving the Backup experience to support rsync for faster backups, but it's too soon to announce anything yet.
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Since Stash 2.12 there is now a "DIY Backup" option that lets you use the faster snapshot/sync tools that your database and filesystem provide. For more, see https://confluence.atlassian.com/display/STASH/Using+Stash+DIY+Backup
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