Does JSM have a way to create a specific issue type based on reporter conditions? For example, I have one user that will only send in tickets related to financial transactions, and I have ha specific issue type and workflow that tracks those requests.
Not quite. The exact thing that you ask, is not a JSM functionalities. However you could use Jira automation to change the issue and request type of the said request, if the reporter is someone specific. In addition you have to make sure that the destination issue type uses the same workflow.
So what I would do is:
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